Ethical Issues Concerning Organic Certification and...

Are we truly being ethical consumers by buying organic food products? Ethical issues concerning organic certification and labeling of the food we eat. Abstract This paper explores the ethical issues concerning the certification of organic food products. Consumers have a higher tendency to purchase food products labeled as organic due to their concern for the environment and other purposes intended by organic foods. As such, the organic food market has seen an increasing growth trend in sales. However, it has been uncovered that many companies that produce supposed organic foods do not truly conduct their production process as fittingly as proponents of organic food intended. In this case, consumers are not getting what they bargained†¦show more content†¦Yet studies show that as long as consumers see the word organic in the label or display of the agricultural product, they have a higher tendency to buy it. Although companies may claim that they have followed labeling and advertising standards and are thus not liable to whether customers are deceived by their placement of the word organic, the degree of consumers’ reliance o n word’s placement shows that actions ought to be taken to inform stakeholders more reliably. Organic Meat, Poultry and Eggs Consumers upset about the humane treatment of animals will especially purchase organic animal products, assuming that the organic certification is sufficient to appease their worries. However achieving the bare minimum standard accredits the organic certification from many regulators for many large livestock farms. For example, organic poultry farms are meant to have free-ranging chickens that are not cooped up in cages, but roaming around their natural environment, yet many of these ‘so-called’ farms interpret this as not having chickens in cages. They still pack thousands of birds into a confined space, stepping over each other’s carcasses and excrement. Other livestock receive similar treatment despite being from organic farms. The truly organic farms are usually small local farms that do not have the capacity to produce andShow MoreRelatedThe Genetic Modification Of Food1654 Words   |  7 PagesThe genetic modification of food is a very argue subject around the world founded by Monsanto, a company complex in geoponic technology, in the 1980’s (Wikipedia). Since then, many other companies have also started to alter their food to avoid using pesticides. Genetically modified foods as foods produced from organisms that have had specific changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering (Wikipedia). There are many different views concerning GMOs and quest the ideologicalRead MoreKraft Annual Report99993 Words   |  400 PagesKRAFT FOODS INC (KFT) 10-K Annual report pursuant to section 13 and 15(d) Filed on 02/28/2011 Filed Period 12/31/2010 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 (Mark one) FORM 10-K [X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010 OR [ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 1-16483 Kraft Foods Inc. (ExactRead MoreHemp Cultivation in China42289 Words   |  170 Pagesof the International Hemp Association, Volume 2, Number 2, 1995 58 DEAR MEMBERSHIP First, we owe our readers and authors an apology for all of the typographic errors and other mistakes apparent in our last issue. Because of editorial staff changes and scheduling pressures, proof-reading of that issue after its preliminary page set-up was sorely inadequate. We hope you will agree that this issue has returned the JIHA to its previous editorial standards. The 1995 VIR/IHA Cannabis Germplasm PreservationRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesAssessment 46 Emotional Intelligence Assessment 47 The Defining Issues Test 48 v Cognitive Style Indicator 52 Locus of Control Scale 52 Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale 54 Core Self-Evaluation Scale (CSES) 56 SKILL LEARNING 57 Key Dimensions of Self-Awareness 57 The Enigma of Self-Awareness 58 The Sensitive Line 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 AttitudesRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagescurrently working on a book in applied mathematical statistics. He is the recipient of a distinguished teaching award from Cal Poly and is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. In his spare time, he enjoys reading, cooking and eating good food, tennis, and travel to faraway places. He is especially proud of his wife, Carol, a retired elementary school teacher, his daughter Allison, who works for the Center for Women and Excellence in Boston, and his daughter Teri, who is ï ¬ nishing a graduate

Lead Time Management in Garment Sector - 6952 Words

European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.33 No.4 (2009), pp.617-629  © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2009 http://www.eurojournals.com/ejsr.htm Lead Time Management in the Garment Sector of Bangladesh: An Avenues for Survival and Growth Nuruzzaman Department of Marketing, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh Ahasanul Haque Department of business Administration, International Islamic University Malaysia, Box No. 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Abstract Bangladesh has emerged as an important supplier of quality readymade garments in the global market. The spectacular growth of garment sector in Bangladesh in recent years has dramatically changed the landscape of export composition of the country. Once heavily dependent on†¦show more content†¦We have to give all out support to this sector and have to build up the backward linkage industry to reduce the dependence on imported raw materials and to minimize lead-time. Therefore, we need to find out some alternative supply mechanism to minimize lead-time. Here in this study steps also will be taken to focus on the lead-time management by presenting some successful and unsuccessful operations in the lead-time management process. The purpose of the present study is about analysing the existing situation specially the lead-time management in the RMG sector of Bangladesh. Theoretical Concepts RMG Business Structure Readymade garment is a labour intensive industry and relatively simple technology compared to other high-tech industries. The RMG manufacturing units are like tailor’s shop; getting order from the foreign buyers and then import raw materials specially fabrics from the foreign suppliers or sometimes buy from the local market as per order, then manufacture garments and supply those to the buyers (Munir, Q. and Salim, R. 2000). Figure 1: Business Structure of Bangladeshi RMG Industries Foreign buyers Supply of finished goods Local raw materials suppliers Collect raw materials Garments company (ManuShow MoreRelatedRmg Sector in Bangladesh2596 Words   |  11 Pagesthe principals of management courses in the BBA department. * We are doing this report so that we can analysis the readymade garment (RMG) sector of Bangladesh and find out the problems and remedies of this sector. Objectives of the study: The main objectives of this report are * To gain knowledge about the industrial unrest in the readymade garments industry of Bangladesh. * To identify the problems of RMG sector of Bangladesh. * To analysis the problems of this sector. * To fine outRead MoreHealth Safety Issues in Garments Industry of Bangladesh11720 Words   |  47 PagesIntroduction Origin of the report Health safety polices are not available in most of the garments manufacturers exporters in Ready made Garments Industry of Bangladesh. As a requirement of Human Resource Management course, this project is prepared on Health Safety issues in present Garments Industry of Bangladesh. Because if Heath Safety policies cannot be established properly, in near future garments sector of Bangladesh will face very tough competition for ensuring it’s competitive survivalRead MoreFast Fashion Achieving Global Quick11082 Words   |  45 Pagesresponse (GQR) – which strives to combine the cost and scale efï ¬ ciencies arising from sourcing globally with quick and accurate response to market requirements. GQR is based on lead time compression, effective information management, dynamic planning, and strong logistics. We examine GQR in the context of the new garment development process, the initial volume order process, and the repeat order process, and discuss its requirements with respect to market intelligence, rapid new product introductionRead MoreHr Practises in Garments Industry in Bd7236 Words   |  29 Pages |5 | |2.0 An overview of Bangladesh Garments Industry |6 | |3.0 Role of HRM |9 | |3.1 Contribution HRM to organization |9 | |3.2 For garments industry HR can do |10 Read MoreQuality Assurance and Mr. Khan3442 Words   |  14 Pagesbased on a case study of garments industry. Mr. Khan started a garments industry. After running for 5 years, he reached at the breakeven point that is - no profit and no loss. At the same time, he faced some problems regarding the sustainability of the garments. Here we tried to identify the problems that faced by Mr. Khan based on the on going garment sectors’ condition of Bangladesh. According to us, he did not face any budget problem but he faced performance problem and time problem. After identifyingRead MoreZara: It for Fast Fashion1266 Words   |  6 Pagesnot expect Zara garments to be highly durable. 3) Zara introduces substantially new design collections throughout the year. Other competitors introduce new design collections at the start of the fall/winter and spring/summer buying periods. Zara, on the oth er hand, brings out new items continuously throughout the year. 4) Zara has effectively managed integration of demand chain with supply chain. Zara has vertically integrated manufacturing operations, which ensures short lead times. The productionRead MoreImproving Social Compliance in Bangladeshs Ready-Made Garment Industry9150 Words   |  37 PagesImproving Social compliance in Bangladeshs Ready-made Garment Industry Author FERDOUS AHAMED, Ph.D Faculty of Business, Economics and Law, La Trobe University, Australia Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts in General History University of Dhaka, Bangladesh Master of Business Administration in Marketing and HRM Northern University, Bangladesh Master of Commercial Law (Studying), La Trobe University, Australia 42 Wilcox Street, Preston, Victoria 3086, Australia E-mail: ferdous72@gmail.com Tel:Read MoreReady Made Garments: a Case Study on Export Performance5936 Words   |  24 PagesTopic Ready made garments: A Case Study on Export performance Course name Theory and practice of International Business (EIB-510) Al Ratul Bin Muzib ID: 80903025 Semester-III EMBA Program Department of International Business University of Dhaka Dr. Khondoker Bazlul Hoque Professor Department of International Business University of Dhaka The 24th April, 2010 Letter of transmittal Date: April 24, 2010 Dr. Khondoker Bazlul Hoque Professor Department of InternationalRead MoreLiterature Review of Training and Development of Marcantile Bank Bangladesh 5 Article14514 Words   |  59 Pages[pic] RECRUITMENT SELECTION OF HUMAN RESOURCES:A STUDY ON URMI GARMENTS LTD. THESIS REPORT ON RECRUITMENT SELECTION OF HUMAN RESOURCES: A STUDY ON URMI GARMENTS LTD. Supervisor Mohammed Jaynal Abedin Assistant Professor Department of Business Administration Stamford University Bangladesh [pic] Read MoreReadymade Garments Industry of Bangladesh Essay5218 Words   |  21 Pagesreadymade garments (RMG) industry of Bangladesh is the fastest growing export oriented industry of the country. Starting in late seventies, the ready made garment industry of Bangladesh now accounts for over 64% of the countrys total export earning. A close look at the composition of RMG export of Bangladesh over the last two decades reveals that the woven garments sub-sector constituted the lions share. In fact, the beginning of the development of RMG sector started with woven garments in 1985

Mechanisms of Corporate Governance †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Mechanisms of Corporate Governance. Answer: Introduction: Revaluation of the fixed asset is required for stating the actual value of the capital assets that are owned by the company. The revaluation is different from providing the depreciation on assets where the asset value is declined based on the useful life of the asset. The main objective of revaluation is to reveal the asset in the financial report of the company at the fair value of the market. This assists the company regarding the decision of whether to invest the fund in any other business or not. Further, at the time of sell the negotiation for sell is based on the revalued amount only (Christensen Nikolaev, 2013). Directors motivation behind behind the decision of not revaluating the equipment, plant and property Finding out the motivation of the directors behind non-revaluating the assets is a tough job. One reason may be that the sale of asset under various market conditions may results into lower amount as compared to the value suggested by revaluation aspect management. Further, the directors may be in the view that for the purpose of accounting, retaining the cost model will be more efficient. If the assets are not revalued, the value of the assets will be understated in the balance sheet as compared to the actual values and therefore, the expenses related to depreciation will also be lower that will lead to higher amount of profits. Further, the profit on sale will also be higher. Therefore, possible motivation may also be that non-revaluation will lead to higher amount of profits. Further, the lower base of asset and higher amount of profit will lead to improvement in return to asset ratio of the company (Goh et al., 2015). Moreover, the reasons behind non-revaluation of assets by the directors may be as follows Simplicity as per the directors view it may be more efficient and simple with respect to the financial measurement to evaluate the asset as per cost model rather than changing the value of the asset as per regular market change. Further, the calculation of depreciation under cost model will be simpler as compared to revaluation as there will be no continuous alterations in the value. Consistency as per some directors the cost model is more relevant with respect to reveal and records the assets in the financial report of the company. The financial report are important to the directors, partners and executives of the business in the way that it analyse financial performance of the company and based on the performance, it forecasts the future growth of the company. Objectivity the historical cost of the asset shown under the financial statement can be verified with the related documents like receipt, voucher, statement and invoice. Further, where the directors are required to manipulate the amount of profit and reveal it at higher amount, the revaluation method sometimes do not allow the company to manipulate the figures. Due to all these reasons the directors may not be motivated to revalue the amount of property, equipment and plant (Jack, 2015). Impact of non-revaluation on the financial statement The main objective of revaluation method is to present the assets in the financial statement at the value that is influenced by market condition and valuation. Therefore, the asset that is valued as per the revaluation method presents the asset more fairly. Further, as the revaluation is involved more with presenting the true value of the asset and less with the earning capacity, not considering the revalued figures will misrepresent the statement. Further, under the cost approach the real value of the asset will not be revealed and the company will not take into consideration the market value changes of the asset (Liang Riedl, 2013). Moreover, the actual profit under income statement will not be revealed as the asset in the balance sheet will be recorded as per the historical value whereas the sale will be carried out as per the revalued amount (Small, Yaseen Schmidt, 2016). The additional amount or the surplus amount generated from revaluation may be added up to the value of retained earnings while the asset is derecognized. Further, the difference between the depreciation amount on historical cost of the asset and the depreciation amount of revalued amount of asset may charge against the retained earnings during the useful life of the asset. As per AASB 116, the amount arise from the revaluation management may be distributed among the investors. However, there is no clear indication that whether the surpluses is to be allocate or not but if the company wants to distribute this profit, it may do that on its own discretion. In the same way, if the company wants, it may poses restriction on allocation of surplus amount (Hu, Percy Yao, 2015). To resolve this issue, as per the accounting standards, the company can shift the difference between the depreciation amount on historical cost of the asset and the depreciation amount of revalued amount of asset may charge against the retained earnings for each accounting period during the useful life of the asset. Therefore, non-revaluation of the asset or recording the asset as per the cost model under the financial statement will have large impact on the financial statement f any company. Adverse impact of non-revaluation on the wealth of shareholder The main reason behind the adoption of valuation for the assets is to assure that the assets are shown under the financial statement at the market values that is the fair values. Various reasons are there to revalue the asset. These reasons may be to increase the companys borrowing capacity, increasing the companys growth opportunities, bonus share issue and liquidity maintenance. The stakeholders of the company make important decisions for the investment based on the performance and the amount of various items in the balance sheet through analysing the companys future growth prospect. Therefore, to present the assets with its actual value as per the market value, it shall be revalued on regular periodic basis otherwise the figures will misguide the investors as well as the other users of the financial statement (Amcor.com, 2017). Other reasons behind the revaluation may b expressed as follows Appropriate assessment for internal and external reconstruction It states actual amount of employed capital and return rate Te company y will be able to analyse the actual amount for bargaining under the acquisition by any other organization or merger with any other organization It will assist in assessing the market value of the available asset under sales and leaseback contracts. The depreciation is generally provided on the asset to accumulate the fund to replace the asset after the useful life of the asset gets over. Therefore, if the depreciation is provided on the historical value of the asset, it may not be sufficient to replace the asset as the replacement will be on market value of the asset and thereby it will put extra burden on the shareholder for replacement If the depreciation is provided at lesser amount, it will lead to higher amount of profit and thereby higher amount of dividend. This will lead to adverse effect on the shareholders as the profit will be wrongly stated. Further, it is implied condition of AASB 136 that the users of the financial statement shall be assured for true figures of the items included in the statement as various important decisions based on the financial statement information. Thus, the revalued figure of plant, equipment and property will show more accurate and appropriate information which in turn will have a significant impact on the share value of the company. On the contrary, the share value measured on the historical value will definitely mislead the investors as the true value will not be revealed (Zakaria et al., 2014). Thus, if the directors decide not to revalue the assets will adversely affect the shareholders wealth as they will invest without knowing the assets true value and companys actual performance. Analysis of equipment, property and plant Amcor Limited Amcor Limited is engaged in providing packaging materials, paper and plastics for metals and these products are used for bags, plastic tubes, solid fibre containers, wrapping of the papers, cans and plastic rigid containers. While going through the financial statement of Amcor Limited for the closing of the year dated 30th June 2016, it was recognized that the amount of equipment, property and plant was USD 2690 million under the balance sheet. The company recognize their asset valued at the cost value less the accumulated depreciation and the amount of any impairment losses. The company provides the depreciation on the basis of straight-line approach. Further, the purchase cost is inclusive of the cost of purchase, repairing cost and the any other cost spend to bring the asset in usable state. The assets are derecognized on sale or under the condition where it is probable that the asset is not able to generate further economic benefit (Wali, 2015). For leasehold determination or leasehold assets the depreciation ion that asset is spread over the lease period or the assets useful life, whichever less. The leased assets value is calculated on PV of MLP and fair value, whichever is lower. As per conceptual framework of AASB the financial statement shall be presented with the faithful representation and the reports shall further be complete, concise and neutral from all aspects and shall be free from intentional or unintentional error, fraud or material misstatement. Further, as per the conceptual framework and interpretation issued by AASB and IFRS, the financial statement shall be faithfully represented along with the fundamental quality to make the report useful and transparent. It has been identified from the annual report of Amcor Limited that the equipment, plant and property under the financial statement of the company is stated under the revaluation method and therefore, it can be assessed that the financial statement are faithfully represented. Further, the revaluation approach will reveal the real position of the company y which in turn will enable the investors, creditors and borrowers to take important decisions. Thus, it can be stated that the companys rev aluation approach to measure and state the value of equipment, property and plant in the financial statement of the company, that is for Amcor Limited is appropriate and can be regarded as per the requirement of AASB and IFRS framework. References Amcor.com. (2017). Reports. [online] Available at: https://www.amcor.com/investor-centre/company-performance-news/reports [Accessed 11 Sept. 2017]. Christensen, H. B., Nikolaev, V. V. (2013). Does fair value accounting for non-financial assets pass the market test?.Review of Accounting Studies,18(3), 734-775. Goh, B. W., Li, D., Ng, J., Yong, K. O. (2015). Market pricing of banks fair value assets reported under SFAS 157 since the 2008 financial crisis.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,34(2), 129-145. Hu, F., Percy, M., Yao, D. (2015). Asset revaluations and earnings management: Evidence from Australian companies.Corporate Ownership and Control,13(1), 930-939. Jack, L. (2015). Book Review: Fair value accounting in historical perspective.Accounting Review,90(2), 825-828. Liang, L., Riedl, E. J. (2013). The effect of fair value versus historical cost reporting model on analyst forecast accuracy.The Accounting Review,89(3), 1151-1177. Small, R., Yaseen, Y., Schmidt, L. (2016). Amortisation of intangible assets: accounting technical.Professional Accountant,2016(28), 16-17. Wali, S. (2015). Mechanisms of corporate governance and fixed asset revaluation.International Journal of Accounting and Finance,5(1), 82-97. Zakaria, A., Edwards, D. J., Holt, G. D., Ramachandran, V. (2014). A Review of Property, Plant and Equipment Asset Revaluation Decision Making in Indonesia: Development of a Conceptual Model.Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology,12(1), 1-1.

Relationship Between Public service Motivation

Question: Discuss about the Relationship Between Public service Motivation. Answer: Introduction: The underlying scenario represents the team management and an information technology administration in the organization Datacom. The scenario highlights the team that undertakes the project of HoloLens practice, where the entire team faces a challenge regarding their team collaboration and project. The company Datacom has provided their services since 1965 and is known for their successful digital transformation and technologically advanced project for the betterment of people and their living standard (Datacom.co.nz 2017). The team comprises of software developers, business analysts and the project managers and the problem arose when the managers received the credit for the accomplishment of the project. The team of the software developers complained that their have done lot of efforts that is not appreciated and the benefits that the organization received is mostly for the managers of the project. Emma Smith of 28 years works for the organization that is Datacom for 3 years and is working as a full-time software developer for many IT projects that the concerned company accomplished. She is selected for a crucial project of HoloLens practice with other 14 developers along with a team leader named Amy Jason, who is 35 years of age. Mason Taylor, 50 years is the project manager for the entire practice and liable for the presentation of the companys first real-world project in New Zealand. The manager also collaborated with outstanding presentation and communication with the Information Systems and Operations Management Department" of University of Auckland" and Auckland Museum. The developed projects attain huge success in its objectives like visualization to gesture, 3D holograms into the field of vision, speech recognition and its ability to view real-world objects through another person's HoloLens device from a remote location. The project manager, Mason Taylor, gives all these illustrations regarding the project and its use. Emma Smith noted that the project manager did not mention any of the developer's names and thus very unsatisfied with the event. She believed that without the hard work of the entire developing team, the project manager would not be able to achieve the success for the project. Even Greg Davidson, Datacom Systems Managing Director greeted the project manager for the success. However, Greg Davidson acknowledged the team leader for the accomplishment of one of the innovative projects. He also assures for the promotion and some executive pay to the team leader and project manager. In this scenario, the lack of acknowledgment of the entire developing team can be seen as they have put their effort and technological skills on the HoloLens practice. Apart from Emma Smith, Alice Reid, 30 years is also unhappy with the decision of the managing director as the developing team suggested the idea of the formulation of the concept app that targets the motor vehicle industry for selling cars without the need for a single vehicle sitting. The team leader did not highlight these efforts of developing a team to the project manager and managing director. The entire scenario thus represents the lack of acknowledgment, group dynamics and motivation for the next projects. This may be lead to the poor performance of the developers, future conflicts with the team leader to low employee retention. A critical analysis of the scenario Lazaroiu (2015) defines that the level of desireof an employee to work for the organization is known as motivation. Motivated employees not only engaged with their work by they also serve their best for the betterment of the organization and their satisfaction with the organization. Moreover, Marthouret and Sigvardsson (2016) also stated that motivation drives the productivity of the company and promotes self-discipline among the employees. It is also evident that if employees are motivated in the workplace, they will show continuous better performance by learning required skills that can drive the profitability of the concerned organization. Content theory - Alderfers ERG Theory Alderfers ERG theoryalso indicates the basics of the Maslow's theory that is physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, self-esteem needs and self-actualization needs. Pinder (2014) depict that in order to motivate the employee it is required to motivate them from more than one level at the same time compared to the Maslow's theory. Thus, the existence needs comprises of the physiological needs (basic needs food and shelter) and safety needs (job security and retention) of the Maslow's theory. In addition, relatedness need comprises of social needs (social acceptance and gatherings) and self-esteem needs (job recognition, acknowledgment from senior authorities); while the growth factors resemble the presence of self-esteem and self-actualization needs (financial and non-financial benefits) (Maslow 2013). It is thus, can be said that, according to the Alderfers ERG theory there is a lack of growth factors in the concerned organization, Datacom. Emma Smith and other developers of the HoloLens project feel unsatisfied from the behavior of their higher authorities. During the project, the team leader supports and directed them to accomplish the crucial program but after the event for the representation of the project, the rest of the team member did not receive any appreciation or benefits. Secondly, the managing director, Greg Davidson also appreciates the team leader but has not mentioned the team member. This may lead to de-motivation in further projects or less employee retention in the organization. This aspect thus, illustrated the lack of safety needs among employee, as the leaders do not highlight their effort to managing directors and especially to the project manager. Process theory - Adams equity theory Miner (2015) suggested that in the context of motivation, fairness in the working approach plays a crucial role. Even if employees do not get any financial and non-financial benefits, equity among all the working personnel irrespective of the designation and judging people based on the ability provides a sensation of motivation. Lee and Raschke (2016) moreover depicts that the equity theory can be applied by evaluating the output of the employees based on their loyalty, adaptability, hard work, flexibility, effort and enthusiasm towards the organization. In this given scenario, the equity is not followed. It can be seen from the scenario that Amy Jason, the team leader and Mason Taylor, the project manager does not give credit to the software developers team and thus, the team felt dissatisfied. Moreover, in the event, when the project manager and the managing director illustrate the projects and tits benefits to the local people, there was a lack of acknowledging. In addition, the managing director thanked the team but assured promotion and executive pay only to the team leaders and the project manager. Mentioning financial and non-financial benefits is not assured for the team members in the given scenario. Group Dynamics The concept of group dynamics resembles the situation of the behaviors and psychological processeswithin a team or a social group. Levi (2016) illustrates that in decision-making behavior and creating techniques that are innovative and effective can be ensured through group dynamics. Turner (2014) furthermore depicts that the leadership factors, personal factors and environmental factors are important aspects for a team's cohesion. The leadership skills comprise of the strategic thinking, collaborative style and communication skills; while of the personal factors majorly comprises of income, age and occupation (Obholzer 2016). On the other hand, the environmental factors in the team cohesion are the combination of the above two aspects. Moreover, Levi (2016) portrays that analyzing the group outcomes and individual outcomes also determines the environmental factors of the group dynamics. Leadership Factor- Turner (2014) stated that effective management skills and vision regarding a business goal drives the efficiency of the leadership of a managing authority. In the given scenario, it can be seen that the software developing team work collaboratively along with the team leader and the project manager. Moreover, it is also evident from the case scenario that the project manager of the Datacom for the HoloLens project only with the team leader and not with the team members. This is the prime reason; the project manager does not include the effort of the team members in the event. Thus, lack of communication skills is absent in terms with the developing team. Personal Factors- Salin and Hoel (2013) stated that income, age and occupation are the crucial factors that determine the personal factors. Jetten and Hornsey (2014) also affirm that the skills, knowledge and characteristics of an individual are important for group dynamics. In the given scenario, Emma Smith, Alice Reid, and others who are the team members of the HoloLens project seems to get more recognition in the workplace regarding their work, as they are desire to establish themselves as an efficient employee for their job security. Levi (2016) furthermore depicts that, the income of the individual depends on the recognition they receive regarding their work and thus the higher the recognition; the higher will be the financial benefit that they will receive. It is also evident that the managing director Greg Davidson, having experience regarding the business objective of Datacom and thus can evaluate whether the project of HoloLens has accomplished their goals of activities and depending on it Greg Davidson is liable to given acknowledgment to the desirable. However, in this scenario, only the effort of the team leader is appreciated thus, the absence of personal factor regarding the income factor is seen. Environmental Factors- This factor comprises of the evaluation of the team cohesion that relies on the group outcomes and individual outcomes. According to the scenario, only the group outcomes are highlighted but the individual outcomes are not mentioned by any of the members of the organization. Communication Communication plays a crucial role in the motivation of the employees. Zhang and Venkatesh (2013) depict that in order to distribute information and building an effective relationship between employees and managers, communication is important. The effective communication also ensures the knowledge sharing ability so that organizations employee can communicate with their higher authorities regarding a better alternative so that a project can be successfully accomplished. In the given scenario, the team members communicate with the team leader and this can be seen through their suggestion for the formulation of an application that can be used by the automobile industry. This innovative move, through which automobile retailer can sell their cars to customers. Customers can experience the interior of the car without being physically present and test a car. Additionally, the suggestion of the team leader results in the extraordinary results that are users can interact with a life-sized holographic car sitting in the front seatalong with the facility of listening to the engine. Moreover, it can also be seen that the project manager lacks in effective communication skills. The concerned person only communicates with the team leader regarding the progress of the project and not with the software developer team. This results in a lack of motivation as the team members cannot see equity in the organization and it may result in a poor interpersonal relationshi p with the higher authority. Another barrier is the absence of fraternization, which can be seen from the acknowledgment of the managing director to the project manager. Miller (2014) stated that it is not possible for every person to have knowledge in every aspect. The managing director of the organization is liable for aligning the organizational culture with the ability of the working personnel. This context is also absence in the scenario of the Datacom. The managing director of the organization only measure the outcome of the project and the benefit that the organization will get but he will not aware of the technical skills and efforts required for accomplishing the entire project. This results in inefficient communication among the organizations leader and the employees. This not only leads in inequity but also de-motivates the working personnel. Additionally, processing inefficiencies can also be the result that can be illustrated for the less communication of the project manager and the employee. Project manager directs communicate with the client and their orders, if the manager does not communicate with the employees directly, they cannot make the proper changes and amendments in the project as not every time the team leader understand the requirement of the client as directed by the project manager. Cherian and Jacob (2013) stated that an organization could attain effective business outcomes if all the employees are provided with proper recognition and opportunities not only for their personal development but also for accomplishing the organizational performance. Recommendation on motivation Recommendations Application in the workplace Personalized employee recognition during project Belle (2013) depicts that this innovative reward system encourages the employee to make short-term goals and achieve them in order to get rewards. These personalized rewards can be a couple of movie tickets, football ticket, gift certificates to shops or an extra leave to spend with family. In context with the provided scenario, team members should be offered these gifts on achieving short-term goals like the correct execution of the application coding, successful visualization of the gadgets and others. Enhancement in responsibility Gupta and Shaw (2014) depicts that every organization should provide a chance for the self-development of the employee. This allows the employee to show their potential on the desired work they are given. Belle (2013) furthermore portrays that, managing authorities should offer challenging roles and responsibility to the employee to assess whether they can manage in the crucial times. In the context of provided situation, the team leader should rely on efficient employee and offer them a chance to be the leader for a day so that the managing power of the employee can be evaluated. Communication Informal and formal communication plays a crucial role in motivating the employees. Formal communication can be official meetings and conference; while information can be gathering outside the office (Dasgupta 2013). In the given scenario, the project manager can take the developing team out for dinners or movie to enhance the interpersonal relationships and a feeling of equity. Table 1: Recommendation on motivation (Source: Created by Author) Recommendation on group dynamics Recommendations Application in the workplace Defining role and responsibility All the working personnel should know their roles and responsibility and a copy of the document have to be prepared that can be presented to the managing authority so that they can be aware of every member of the organization and their working progress (Cummings and Worley 2014). In the context of the given scenario, a checklist of the roles and responsibility of the individual team member should be given to the project manager and the managing director so that they can assure that the project is accomplished by everyones effort and can provide them recognition. Enhancing the problem solving ability Mone and London (2014) stated that it is crucial to identify the drawbacks of the current working procedure so that alternate ideas can be implemented for a better outcome. In the given case scenario, team leader on seeing that a member has adopted a behaviorthat is not fruitful for the project, effective measure like taking about their difficulty and requirement or suggesting them for an alternate way should be taken. Providing Feedback Marthouret and Sigvardsson (2016) mention that whether the outcome is positive and negative, it is important to provide feedback. His not only let the employee know regarding their performance also they feel motivated that their effort has been analyzed. In the given context, the team leader must assess the work of developing the team and celebrate the small achievement and give feedback on improving the failures. Table 2: Recommendation on Group Dynamics (Source: Created by Author) Recommendation on communication Recommendations Application in the workplace Implementation of communication tools Miller (2014) stated that an organization must implement new communication tools like video conferencing, bulletins, postings, and memos to enhance the communication with every member of the organization. In the context of the given scenario, video conferencing can be used during the working time in between the managing direct and the team members and a face-to-face communication of the project manager with the tea members so that effort of each software developer can be communicated. Meetings and unofficial gatherings Datacom must take their employee out for informal gatherings apart from business meetings to motivate them and to celebrate their achievements. Zhang and Venkatesh (2013) defines that employee can share their experience and share the knowledge during the projects that they have attained to enhance the friendship and understanding among them. Table 3: Recommendation on Communication (Source: Created by Author) Reference List Belle, N., 2013. Experimental evidence on the relationship between public service motivation and job performance. Public Administration Review, 73(1), pp.143-153. Cherian, J. and Jacob, J., 2013. Impact of self efficacy on motivation and performance of employees. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(14), p.80. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014. Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Dasgupta, P.R., 2013. Volatility of workload on employee performance and significance of motivation: IT sector. International Journal of Applied Research And Studies (IJARS), ISSN: 2278-9480 Volume, 2. Datacom.co.nz., 2017. Home - Datacom. [online] Available at: https://datacom.co.nz/Home.aspx [Accessed 4 Jan. 2017]. Gupta, N. and Shaw, J.D., 2014. Employee compensation: The neglected area of HRM research. Human Resource Management Review, 24(1), pp.1-4 Jetten, J. and Hornsey, M.J., 2014. Deviance and dissent in groups. Annual review of psychology, 65, pp.461-485. Lazaroiu, G., 2015. Employee Motivation and Job Performance. Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations, (14), pp.97-102. Lee, M.T. and Raschke, R.L., 2016. Understanding employee motivation and organizational performance: Arguments for a set-theoretic approach. Journal of Innovation Knowledge. Levi, D., 2016. Group dynamics for teams. Sage Publications. Marthouret, E. and Sigvardsson, S., 2016. The effect of quick feedback on employee motivation and performance: A qualitative study on how to formulate effective feedback. Maslow, A.H., 2013. A theory of human motivation. Start Publishing LLC. Miller, K., 2014. Organizational communication: Approaches and processes. Nelson Education. Miner, J.B., 2015. Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Mone, E.M. and London, M., 2014. Employee engagement through effective performance management: A practical guide for managers. Routledge. Obholzer, A., 2016. Group dynamics: What coaches and consultants need to watch out for. In Coach and Couch (pp. 29-40). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Pinder, C.C., 2014. Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Salin, D. and Hoel, H., 2013. Workplace bullying as a gendered phenomenon. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 28(3), pp.235-251. Turner, M.E., 2014. Groups at work: Theory and research. Psychology Press. Zhang, X. and Venkatesh, V., 2013. Explaining Employee Job Performance: The Role of Online and Offline Workplace Communication Networks. Mis Quarterly, 37(3), pp.695-722.

Ben Bernanke - Opening Statement During First Major Press Conference on Monetary Policy free essay sample

stock markets history essays

stock market's history essays Once there was a time when shares in business corporations were rarely bought and sold because few companies were considered promising financial profits (Blume 21). That is hard to believe considering almost everybody has invested in some stock today. The stock market went through some distinct changes since its inception, and has evolved into a shaping force in the world today. There is one idea that sparked the fire which produced the stock market: capitalism. Everything the stock market is, and was, rooted in the basic idea of capitalism. Without that idea, stocks and bonds would never have come to be. Capitalism is an economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately or corporately owned and development is proportionate to the accumulation and reinvestment of profits gained in a free market (Peterson). When a person buys a stock, which means they own a part of the company in which they invested. The average person can thereby invest in a public c ompany and receive a piece of that company's success, or failure. This process helps not only the smart investors, but the companies as well. The investors' money must go somewhere, and that place is the treasury of the company they endorsed (Simonson). The company then uses that money for its financial needs, providing the company an income in addition to simple sales profits. Then, the investors make or lose money based on how much that company makes. Basically, people invest in an idea, and make money based on how that idea performs in the real world (Blume 35-39). While the stock market is based upon capitalism, the community shunned this type of enterprise in 1792 because of financial panic (Blume 23). However, these practices were not shunned by all America in 1792. People wanted a way to trade stocks without the public stock auctions (which were banned because of lack of profits), so they tried something different than s...

Culture in the period of Renaissance Assignment - 2

Culture in the period of Renaissance - Assignment Example According to the research findings, Florentine Francesco Petrarch says that â€Å"neither exhortations to virtue nor the argument of approaching death should deliver us from literature; for in a good mind it neither excites the love of virtue, and dissipates, nor at least diminishes, the fear of death†. He criticized the rewarding of studies as he viewed this as a mere need to fulfill one’s self-confidence instead of gaining wisdom through learning. Studies can help even the weak mind in the society. Learning and studying should be given equal chances and not be left to the ones that are thought to be powerful and elite. He gives an example of Cato, he says that Cato struggled with literature; he started with Latin literature when he was young and later Greek literature when he became old. The attitude towards literature or studies changed in the Renaissance period, Petrarch is even devout fully says in the letter to Boccaccio that even the world does not accuse Paul th at his head will be turned by studies. During the period of Renaissance, the great cultural figures were men. Before the time of renaissance came women had no place in the society. The attitude of women changed during this time and some women epitomized the strength of a woman. It during this time that some women were able to produce works, achieve recognition, and defend women against male detractors. Cultural production was enhanced on the part educating the girl child. There was a very negative attitude of men towards women that educating women would corrupt their morals. She says that some men don’t base their arguments on reason, and for that matter they are wrong. Men opposing the ideology of educating a woman are viewed as the not very clever men avoiding competition from women. The attitude of women empowerment that was achieved during the renaissance time has changed the perception of educating women, though there is still some resistance even today from some men.